South Asia is a region with high energy demand, low-carbon energy potential, and diverse energy challenges. The future of energy in South Asia will depend on how the countries in the region can balance their economic growth, social equity, and environmental sustainability goals. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development encompasses a vision for a future which is safe, resilient, and sustainable and has targets to ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix, and double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency.
One of the main drivers of energy demand in South Asia is the rapid economic development and industrialization of the region. According to the World Bank, energy transition in South Asia is critical to reaching global net-zero emissions by 2050 and reducing poverty and creating jobs. The region’s need for power is expected to double within this decade, and expanding reliability and availability of clean, affordable power remains crucial to consolidate the developmental gains from improved access.
However, energy production in South Asia is still primarily based on fossil fuels, which account for 63% of regional emissions. The transition to low-carbon energy in South Asia is a priority and a challenge, as it requires a series of disruptive technologies and policies to provide clean energy safely and affordably. Some of the alternatives to fossil fuels include renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro, which have become cheaper and more efficient over the past decade.
The future of energy in South Asia will be shaped by multiple factors and trade-offs. The region needs to pursue a holistic and inclusive approach to energy transition that considers the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of energy development. The region also needs to foster regional cooperation and integration to leverage its diverse energy resources and markets. By doing so, South Asia can achieve its energy security, climate resilience, and sustainable development goals.
